Bring identity and mode evidence together

Assign each actor to one class before deciding rights. Next distinguish
permission-bit changes from ownership changes. For the helper, state
one possible identity effect and one missing fact. Use only printed
metadata; no privileged executable is supplied.

Original printed case.
Assume ordinary mode checks; no ACL/override; accessible parent paths.
File: -rw-r----- analyst learners report.txt
Actors: analyst (owner); mira (non-owner in learners); zoe (neither).
Helper metadata: -rwsr-xr-x root root review-helper (no binary provided).
Decide each actor's read/write rights; distinguish chown from chmod;
identify the helper's review clue; explain why metadata alone does not
prove exploitability or authorization to execute it.