Read different kinds of address A bit has two values; an octet contains eight bits. IPv4 has four 8-bit octets written as decimal numbers from 0 through 255. The MAC examples have six hex pairs, giving 48 bits. IPv6 uses longer hex groups and can shorten one run of zero groups with ::. Private IPv4 ranges, complete boundaries: 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0/8) 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0/12) 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0/16) Private means reserved for private-network use, not secret or safe. Documentation blocks are a different reservation for examples. Original fictional cards. Not your computer's addresses. Not output from ip address. Worked card Kind Value MAC 00-00-5E-00-53-0A IPv4 private 10.8.0.4 IPv4 document 198.51.100.10 IPv6 example 2001:db8:50::a 10.8.0.4 sits in 10.0.0.0/8, one of the three private blocks. 198.51.100.10 sits in 198.51.100.0/24, TEST-NET-2, a documentation block. The MAC is a 48-bit documentation value for a link interface. It does not name a person. The colon form 00:00:5e:00:53:0a is the same 48 bits. Letter case does not change the value. Activity card Kind Value Class on this card MAC 00-00-5E-00-53-14 link interface IPv4 172.16.8.4 private, inside 172.16.0.0/12 IPv4 203.0.113.8 documentation TEST-NET-3, not a private block IPv6 2001:db8:40::14 IPv6 text, colons and hex, no arithmetic here DHCP lease card, fictional Client hint desk Assigned IPv4 10.8.0.20 Prefix 10.8.0.0/24 Router 10.8.0.1 Lease 3600 seconds Dynamic allocation is for a limited time. A later lease can use another address. This card is not a DHCP exchange and not a captured packet. Predict before reading the check. Check: the private IPv4 on the activity card is 172.16.8.4.