Directory permission graph Label: original fictional directory club.lab.invalid. No directory was built and no account was changed. Job for group readers: read document-7. Nothing else. E-1 readers -> document-7: read. Matches the job. E-4 readers -> admin-mina: reset password. Larger than the job. E-6 service-notes -> files-3: may present a client's identity onward. That is delegation, named here and not used. Membership: lea is in readers. Membership matters only with the rights the group has. Least privilege, from Microsoft's administrative-model article: the minimum permissions for the current task, and nothing more. E-4 is the overbroad edge for this job. Removing it is a recommendation on paper. Do not remove it here.